Social engagement and mine closure: lessons from mining transition in Itabira

Abstract

Purpose This research aims to investigate the main components of an engagement and participation process in the context of mine closure and how they contribute to a sustainable territorial transition in the post-mining period in Itabira, Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Based on literature reviews, interviews and a focus group, this study identifies five analytical categories: information flow, engagement context, scope of engagement, type of engagement and social acceptance. Although consultation and communication initiatives exist, practices remain largely unilateral and weakly deliberative, generating uncertainty about socioeconomic impacts as ore reserves are depleted. Findings The authors argue that enduring participatory forums and strengthened local capacities are essential for anticipating impacts, reducing asymmetries, and stimulating alternative productive activities. These contributions are particularly relevant in the Global South to ensure a legacy in mining territories that promotes inequality reduction, social inclusion and local development, as envisaged in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Research limitations/implications Single case evidence and absence of Vale interviews limit broader analytical generalization. Practical implications Permanent multi-stakeholder forums can reduce asymmetries and guide mine closure decisions. Social implications Inclusive closure governance can reduce vulnerability and support equitable local development. Originality/value Integrates stakeholder engagement, social license to close, and transition governance debates.