Impact of Military Operations on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS): A Case Study of Konduga IDP Camp in Borno State

Abstract

This study examines practical measures for improving military–civil relations and enhancing the welfare of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria, using Konduga IDP Camp in Borno State as a case study. The protracted insurgency in North-East Nigeria has generated large-scale displacement, while military counter-insurgency operations, although essential, have produced complex humanitarian consequences. Adopting a descriptive survey design, the study draws on primary data collected from 100 respondents comprising IDPs, military personnel, humanitarian actors, and community members. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, with a 3.00 decision benchmark. Findings indicate that weak civil–military relations, inadequate humanitarian provision, and poor institutional coordination significantly constrain IDP welfare. The study further reveals that trust deficits between civilians and the military undermine both security effectiveness and humanitarian delivery. It identifies key remedial measures, including strengthened civil–military engagement, improved humanitarian response systems, structured resettlement programmes, and increased government funding. The study concludes that durable improvements in IDP welfare require integrating security operations with human security principles. It recommends institutional reforms that prioritize civilian protection, accountability, and multi-stakeholder coordination