Impact of particulate matter and heavy metals emissions from automotive painting booths on ambient air quality

Abstract

This study investigated the particulate and heavy metal emissions arising from automotive paint applications. A total of 22 sampling locations, represented as AQ1 - AQ22 for this study. Concentrations of particulate matters were determined using Aerocet 831 particle counter while X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to analyze the presence of heavy metals according to standard procedures. The results were also compared with the standard regulatory permissible limits. American Environmental Regulatory Model (AERMOD dispersion model) was used to simulate the air quality impacts. The results showed the concentrations of PM 2.5 ranging from 17.76 to 1093.46 μg/m 3 , PM 10 from 308.49 to 21932.79 μg/m 3 , and TSP from 357.49 to 23618.95 μg/m 3 . Among the sample locations, AQ1 recorded the highest concentration of particulate matter, while AQ7 had the lowest. Also, the study showed that although zinc exhibited the highest concentration, it is the least toxic of the heavy metals, while cadmium, which is the most toxic heavy metal, was found in lower concentrations. All the measured particulate matter levels at each sampling location as well as the concentrations of the heavy metals exceeded regulatory standards, which pose health risks, not only to the painters but also to the individuals in the neighborhood. Implementation and enforcement of occupational health and safety regulations should also be given greater attention. Incorporation of paint dust removal such as electrostatic precipitator into the spraying machine was suggested.