Engineering & Technologyarticle2026-08-13

On Bending in the As‐Rigid‐As‐Possible Deformation Energy

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Abstract

Abstract The well‐established As‐Rigid‐As‐Possible (ARAP) energy has various forms. For surface deformation, commonly used energies contain an implicit bending penalty. We present a natural, continuous generalization that incorporates multiple ARAP versions with an implicit, user‐controllable bending penalty. We discretize an intuitive variant of the energy and demonstrate that it is independent of mesh resolution and produces comparable results to those of competing methods that include an explicit bending penalty term. We validate our method and demonstrate that, despite its computational overhead, it converges among the fastest of all ARAP variants.

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View paper (DOI)Open access versionOpenAlexComputer Graphics ForumPublished 2026-08-13

Authors: Ugo Finnendahl, Marc Alexa

Institutions: Technische Universität Berlin