Exploring the sociological determinants of large family size and population growth in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Large family size and population growth have been shown to impact the global disease burden and contribute to underdevelopment, especially in low-resource settings, such as Northern Nigeria. This study explored the determinants of large family size and population growth in Northern Nigeria. Using the socio-ecological model and the Silences framework theoretical underpinnings, this study adopted an exploratory qualitative design to explore the socio-determinants of large family size and population growth. A total of 80 purposively sampled participants, including community members, traditional and religious stakeholders, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, were interviewed. The inductive thematic method was used for data analysis. The study revealed that cultural, traditional, and religious beliefs are sociological determinants of large family sizes and population growth in Northern Nigeria. From the participants’ perspectives, other determinants included large family size for political negotiation, lack of education and empowerment, poverty, and having many children as cheap labour for farming. These determinants were shown to impact fertility decisions, health and well-being. Family size and population growth in Northern Nigeria is deeply rooted in cultural and religious practices which influences fertility practices and quality of life. This study contributes to knowledge of the determinants of population growth in Northern Nigeria and Africa, since Nigeria has the highest population on the continent. The findings suggested the need to engage available social structures in the co-production of family planning interventions to address the challenges that may arise from massive population growth.