Biomimetic Biomineralization Strategies in Contemporary Restorative Dentistry: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Application - A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

AbstractTraditional restorative dentistry is undergoing a critical paradigm shift from bio inert mechanical replacements toward biomimetic and biologically active tissue regeneration. This article reviews the advanced structural biology of dentin and details the homeostatic dynamics between cyclical demineralization and remineralization processes within the oral micro environment. We examine the evolution of functional remineralization theories, emphasizing the critical role of intrafibrillar mineralization via particle mediated non-classical crystallization pathways. Additionally, this paper analyzes contemporary biomimetic non-collagenous protein (NCP) analogues, advanced material delivery platforms including casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) alongside emerging hydraulic bioceramics and laser assisted surface technologies. By synthesizing foundational laboratory models with translational clinical strategies, this comprehensive review outlines a predictive framework for minimally invasive, biologically driven therapies aimed at superior caries management and the therapeutic resolution of dentin hypersensitivity.