5D-VGM: A Five-Dimensional Ventilation Gravity Model for Galaxy Rotation Curves and Weak Lensing

Abstract

We present the 5D-VGM (Five-Dimensional Ventilation Gravity Model), an alternative gravity framework derived from a 5D action with a scalar field φ and a vector field A_μ on a brane. The model predicts a fundamental acceleration scale a₀ = 1.20 × 10⁻¹⁰ m/s², consistent with the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) observed in 175 SPARC galaxies. Using a 2D disk geometry, the model naturally produces flat rotation curves without dark matter. We test the model against SPARC data, achieving a median χ² per point of 0.41 for spherical geometry (0.54 for disk geometry, 165 galaxies). We also present predictions for galaxy-galaxy weak lensing (KiDS-1000), where the model predicts ΔΣ(R) ∝ R⁻¹ at intermediate scales, distinct from the NFW profile (R⁻¹·⁶²). The model successfully explains the core-cusp diversity and reproduces the Tully-Fisher relation (slope 0.260–0.266 vs observed 0.270, scatter 0.019 dex, zero free parameters). Cluster-scale tests (Coma, Virgo) are resolved via the tilted-tunnel mechanism with zero free parameters. The Bullet cluster is explained naturally: E_μν is a field (not particles) and passes through baryonic gas without scattering. The CMB first acoustic peak is reproduced (Ω_b/Ω_m ≈ 0.159 vs 0.157 in ΛCDM), with a testable prediction of reduced power at l > 1000. We additionally predict a LISA-detectable energy deficit in asymmetric black-hole mergers. Several theoretical challenges remain, including full numerical validation of the DBI-derived source term. Until Euclid DR1 (Nov 2026) and LISA (~2030), the model relies on galactic-scale tests.