Energy, Technology, And The Emerging Geopolitical Order

Abstract

The international system is undergoing a transformation that extends beyond conventional great-power rivalry. What is changing is not simply the distribution of power among states, but the mechanisms through which power is exercised, sustained, and constrained. Assumptions that shaped much of the post-Cold War era economic interdependence as a stabilising force, globalisation as a path toward convergence, and military superiority as the principal measure of strategic influence now appear increasingly uncertain. In their place, a more fragmented and competitive strategic environment is emerging, one in which energy dependency, technological sovereignty, supply chain resilience, and economic fragmentation have become central to geopolitical competition.