Cranioscopic methods for determining human sex using the skull
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematize modern craniological methods for determining sex using the skull and evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness, taking into account the introduction of digital technologies and machine learning methods. Classical morphoscopic approaches (V.N. Zvyagin’s method, J. Buikstra and D. Ubelaker’s diagram), 3D modeling, computed tomography, and machine learning algorithms were considered. A comprehensive approach combining classical methods with modern technologies, taking into account population characteristics, is recommended.
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Authors: V L Popov, I. V. Gayvoronsky, О М Фандеева, Kirill V. Solovyev, Г. И. Ничипорук, Ivan G. Shirobokov
Institutions: First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St Petersburg University, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Peter the Great's Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography