Gender inequalities in household property and access: community perceptions and impacts in Manyara, Tanzania

Abstract

Gender inequality in household property ownership remains a critical issue worldwide, with women facing significant barriers to accessing and controlling assets. This study examines community perceptions of gender disparities in property ownership and access in the Manyara Region, Tanzania. It focuses on identifying the gender inequalities influencing household property ownership and access, analysing community perceptions of gender-based property rights, and exploring the factors contributing to these disparities. The research employs a convergent mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches to capture the social, cultural, and legal factors affecting gender inequalities in household property access. Data were collected from 197 participants in the Babati and Hanang districts through surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Findings reveal that (87.3%) of respondents acknowledge the existence of gender inequalities in household property access, primarily driven by cultural norms, legal constraints, and economic disparities. The study highlights that traditional and customary beliefs prioritise men in property inheritance and ownership, thereby limiting women’s financial security and decision-making power. Economic disparities further exacerbate these inequalities, as women frequently encounter financial barriers to acquiring property. The study concludes by emphasising the need for policy reforms, economic empowerment initiatives, and legal awareness campaigns to promote gender equality in property ownership. It recommends strengthening legal protections for women’s property rights, fostering community engagement to challenge restrictive traditions, and supporting women’s economic independence through targeted programmes. Addressing these challenges is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 1 and SDG 10), which emphasise poverty reduction and social inclusion.