Research and application expansion of high-order theoretical model algorithms for water entry slamming of ship profile sections

Abstract

This study develops a high-order analytical model for predicting slamming loads during ship profile water entry. The theoretical model is two-dimensional and all results are multiplied by a spanwise thickness of 0.1 m to keep consistency with three-dimensional CFD and drop-test data. Validation against Aarsnes' drop tests (0.58–2.43 m/s) confirms model reliability: vertical velocities match experiments closely, the root-mean-square error is used for acceleration, while correlation coefficient R and relative root-mean-square error are adopted for slamming force, all demonstrating good consistency between predictions and references. Through six graded-curvature profiles (Ship profile 1–6), we systematically reveal triple curvature effects: reduced curvature intensifies acceleration buffering, suppresses velocity growth, and amplifies slamming forces via wetted-area expansion. Comprehensive mesh convergence, time-step convergence and sensitivity analyses are carried out to ensure the credibility of CFD results. This work establishes physical mechanisms for slamming dynamics and provides geometric optimization guidelines, suggesting future validation with advanced numerical methods.