Mathematical Foundations of the Dipole-Wave Ontology: Reduction to the Schrödinger Equation and Bohmian Guidance

Abstract

Abstract: A previous paper by Arneberg [1] proposed a local, deterministic ontology in which all fundamental particles are point-like entities possessing an intrinsic oscillating dipole moment that radiates a real guiding wave. That paper presented the conceptual framework and a mathematical skeleton. The present paper develops the mathematical foundations in detail. It is shown that the two governing equations of the dipole-wave model — a sourced wave equation for the wave and a local guidance equation for the particle — reduce, in the non-relativistic limit, to the Schrödinger equation and the de Broglie-Bohm guidance equation, respectively. The reduction hinges on a single parameter: the dipole oscillation frequency ω₀ = mc²/ħ, which is precisely the Compton frequency identified by de Broglie in his internal clock hypothesis. The mass term in the wave equation cancels the fast oscillation, leaving the Schrödinger dynamics for the slowly varying envelope. The guidance equation, when the wave is expressed in polar form, yields the Bohmian velocity law. Together, these reductions demonstrate that the dipole-wave ontology reproduces the empirical content of standard non-relativistic quantum mechanics for a single massive particle while maintaining locality, determinism, and a clear separation between particle and wave.