Wireless Communication Evolution: A Comprehensive review of the Architecture, Technologies, Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects of 6G

Abstract

6G, the sixth generation of wireless communication, is expected to introduce exceptional technologies and use cases that once seemed fictional. Each generation of wireless communication systems has enabled the exchange of messages such as voice, video and other types of data between entities at distinct geographical locations. The rollout of 5G is already underway and is expected to reach about 65% of the world by the end of 2025, while research on beyond-5G systems has also begun. This paper presents extensive details on developments in 6G and its architecture. A holistic approach is adopted to describe the technologies and state-of-the-art applications of the 6G communication system. Deploying this ubiquitous system involves a large number of challenges. This paper presents these challenges and also suggests future research directions to help researchers bring more innovative advancements to this emerging communication system.