公元628年的"宪章革命"——唐太宗罢祀周公与华夏政治哲学的结构性残缺

Abstract

English Abstract: In the second year of Zhenguan (628 CE), Emperor Taizong of Tang abolished the state sacrifice to the Duke of Zhou and elevated Confucius to the status of "First Sage," with Yan Hui as "First Scholar." Scholars have conventionally treated this as the final elevation of Confucius's status within the evolution of ritual institutions. This paper proposes a radically different theoretical hypothesis: this event may have constituted a decisive "constitutional revolution" in the history of Chinese political philosophy. The paper first constructs a tripartite analytical framework of "Value—Methodology—Tool" for assessing political-philosophical completeness. Applying this framework, it demonstrates that the Duke of Zhou established a fully cohesive political philosophy dominated by materialist meritocratic principles, supplemented by idealist ritual forms; whereas Confucius, through his "transmitting without creating," extracted and amplified the idealist components within the Zhou Rites, transforming them into a system centered on heart-mind ethics, with significant deficiencies in the dimensions of methodology and political tools. Through textual analysis and political contextual reconstruction of the 628 CE decision-making process, the paper argues that the essence of this ritual shift was the replacement of a complete political philosophy with an incomplete ethics. Finally, it tentatively explores the long-term historical consequences of this structural transformation. The paper does not aim to offer definitive conclusions, but rather to propose an analytical framework and core propositions sufficient to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion. Keywords: Zhenguan Era; Duke of Zhou; Confucius; Confucian Temple Sacrifice; Political Philosophy; Ritual and Warfare; Constitutional Revolution.