文明谱系与宗教变形:华夏、欧洲、伊斯兰与印度的系统性对比 ——一项基于共同体凝聚度模型与政治哲学圆融模型的比较分析

Abstract

English Abstract: This paper is a systematic integration of the "Productive Political Philosophy" framework in the directions of civilizational comparison and religious diffusion. Part I employs the Community Cohesion Model and the Political Philosophy Cohesion Model to systematically compare four civilizational types—China, Europe, Islam, and India—demonstrating that their fundamental differences in the mode of subjectivity establishment stem from long-term geographical and climatic constraints. Non-extreme-source civilizations (China and Europe) retain the tension between two opposing forces, forming a rhythmically evolving pattern and belonging to "generalist species"; extreme-source civilizations (Islam and India) are permanently solidified by a single philosophy, lacking rhythm and belonging to "specialist species." Part II extends this framework to the domain of religious diffusion, proposing the "subjectivity container adaptation" theory: Christianity and Islam share an isomorphic core of "eternal theocratic subjectivity" at their origins, but are transformed by the pre-existing subjectivity "containers" of the regions they expand into—Christianity's "liquefaction" in Europe and Islam's "softening" in Southeast Asia are two expressions of the same mechanism operating in different civilizational containers. Together, Parts I and II form a complete causal chain from geographical climate to civilizational type to religious diffusion transformation, providing a unified analytical framework for understanding civilizational evolution and religious transmission. Keywords: Civilizational Comparison; Primary Civilization; Secondary Civilization; Subjectivity Establishment; Geographical-Climatic Constraints; Civilizational Rhythm; Specialization vs. Generalization; Religious Diffusion; Subjectivity Container; Liquefaction and Softening.