科学内生的政治哲学条件X从两重约束到四案例对比 ——基于政治哲学圆融模型与共同体凝聚度模型的分析

Abstract

English Abstract: Why does science emerge endogenously in some civilizations but is interrupted in others? This paper employs the Political Philosophy Cohesion Model and the Community Cohesion Model to propose a theoretical hypothesis: the endogenous emergence of science is not determined by a specific philosophical inclination (materialism or idealism), nor by a specific community form (unified centralization or polycentric competition), but by the complete cohesion of the political-philosophical system—namely, the three dimensions of Value, Methodology, and Tool deriving from the same philosophical matrix, with Value providing sacred narratives and institutional safeguards for technological exploration. As long as this standard is met, whether the Shang theocratic polity, the Zhou Rites' meritocratic feudal system, or the European Christian theocratic order, all possess the structural potential for endogenous science. The paper is divided into two parts. Part I deepens the Community Cohesion Model by arguing that endogenous productivity leaps face twofold constraints: the first from the material boundary set by the G×C×P field; the second from the Political Philosophy Cohesion Model—whether a qualitative breakthrough can occur, once quantitative accumulation has reached critical mass, depends on the completeness and cohesion of the political-philosophical system. When the first constraint is met but the second is not, quantitative accumulation continues without qualitative transformation—precisely the condition of Chinese civilization in the agricultural era. The 628 CE "Constitutional Revolution" that rendered political philosophy incomplete is the root cause of the "stalled philosophical engine." Part II validates the hypothesis through a comparative analysis of four cases: Shang, Zhou, Mohism, and Europe. The Shang possessed the structural potential for endogenous science, but it was interrupted by climatic shifts; the Zhou also possessed the institutional conditions, but their potential was permanently locked by the 628 CE rupture; Mohism may have been a potential synthesizer of Shang scientific heritage, but it was born in an era that no longer belonged to it; Europe reached the finish line only under three additional conditions—sustained external input, a favorable climatic window, and the Reformation's re-integration of ritual and warfare. The paper does not offer definitive conclusions, but rather a testable, falsifiable analytical framework. Keywords: Endogenous Science; Political Philosophy Cohesion Model; Community Cohesion Model; Twofold Constraints; Stalled Philosophical Engine; 628 CE Rupture; Shang-Zhou Structural Symmetry.