Influences and Combined Actions of the Fiber-Nanoceramic on the Functional Properties of Epoxy Hybrid Composites

Abstract

Currently, 25 wt% hemp fiber (treated) and 2–6 wt% nano-silicon dioxide particles (SiO2-50 nm) are embedded in an epoxy matrix via hand layup-aided hot compression molding, and the microstructure, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites are evaluated. The significance of matrix/filler blends and hot compression leads to a strong interface, and their wide dispersion along the matrix has been confirmed via transmission electron analysis. The effect of hybrid filler on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites is evaluated, and its results are compared to the base epoxy matrix without fillers. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis shows the presence of short hemp fiber and SiO2 nanoparticles, which were widely dispersed and strengthen the epoxy matrix. With respect to the investigation, the composite E5 sample (epoxy/25 wt% hemp fiber/4 wt% SiO2) is found to have a higher impact toughness of 28 kJ/m2, better enhancement in hardness value of 38 HV0.1, improved flexural strength of 154 MPa, and enhanced yield and tensile strength of 102 MPa and 124 MPa. Moreover, the presence of the SiO2 nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix is observed to have a higher thermal stability (387°C at 20% weight loss), and additions of treated hemp fiber lead to low moisture sensitivity (0.92% at 14 days). This composition of epoxy resin composite is a trade-off for the automotive body panel applications.