3.6 Photon Zero-Mass Theorem

Abstract

This article proves that the photon mass is strictly zero—— is an algebraic necessity of the Coding Orbit, without introducing gauge symmetry as a postulate. The photon corresponds to the dominant Eigenvalue of the ℳ sector self-coupling and does not participate in the breathing mode, hence acquires no mass correction. This article provides a proof of the photon as a Goldstone Mode, and the algebraic root of gauge invariance.