From inspection to total quality: Theoretical foundations and application of management systems in higher education

Abstract

Quality is a strategic element for the development and competitiveness of organizations, which is why its study has acquired increasing relevance in different areas, including education. The objective of this monographic article is to analyse the conceptual and historical evolution of quality, the main theoretical approaches that have contributed to its understanding and the contributions of the most representative authors in the consolidation of this discipline. Based on a documentary review, the approaches to quality proposed by David Garvin are examined, as well as the stages that marked their development, from inspection and statistical control to quality assurance and total quality management. It also describes the contributions of various specialists whose proposals laid the foundations for the current Quality Management Systems (QMS). The analysis highlights the importance of the international standards ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 21001 as benchmarks for the implementation of systems aimed at continuous improvement, evidence-based decision-making and stakeholder satisfaction. Finally, the incorporation of QMS in Mexican higher education institutions is addressed, identifying their contribution to the strengthening of academic and administrative processes. It is concluded that quality has evolved towards a comprehensive management approach that favors organizational efficiency and constitutes a fundamental tool for the assurance and continuous improvement of educational quality.