MATERIALS FOR 3D PRINTING IN PROSTHODONTICS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a major innovation in digital prosthodontics, enabling the creation of accurate, customized dental restorations. The success of this technology relies heavily on the materials used, as their properties—physical, mechanical, biological, and aesthetic—directly impact how well they perform in the mouth. This paper looks at the three main types of materials currently used for 3D printing in prosthodontics: photopolymer resins, metal alloys (especially titanium and cobalt-chromium), and advanced ceramics like zirconia. We discuss their pros and cons regarding strength, biocompatibility, appearance, how easy they are to manufacture, and cost. Current findings suggest photopolymer resins are good for temporary restorations and diagnostic tools because they are accurate and quick to produce. On the other hand, metal alloys and ceramics are more durable and last longer clinically but need more advanced equipment, extra steps, and higher costs. Recent developments in material science, like ceramic-reinforced hybrid resins, are expected to broaden the use of additive manufacturing. As digital workflows continue to advance, 3D printing is becoming a standard part of prosthodontics, leading to more predictable treatments, increased efficiency, and better patient care.