THERAPEUTIC STRIDES IN CANCER: INTEGRATING TRADITIONAL AND EMERGING REGIMENS

Abstract

Cancer is a multifactorial disease, which is a core factor contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. It reinforce the ongoing need to advance and refine therapeutic strategies. These interventions act through diverse mechanistic pathways, offering clinical outcomes. This review provides a critical overview of both conventional and emerging approaches to cancer treatment, focusing on Standard treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In addition with advanced strategies, including gene and stem cell–based therapies, immunotherapy, targeted drug therapy, and nanomedicine. The review further compares treatment specificity, effectiveness and toxicity, highlighting key clinical challenges such as therapy-induced resistance, adverse effects and long-term complications. Together, these insights emphasize the need for cancer treatment strategies that balance effectiveness with improved patient safety, targeted action, and result-focused design.