Association of serum magnesium and Vitamin D with glycated hemoglobin among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Low and middle-income countries have seen an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in recent years. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) provides a measurement of body glycemic control for 2–3 months. Magnesium and Vitamin D have been shown to have a role in insulin and blood glucose levels. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to explore the association of serum magnesium and Vitamin D with HbA1c among patients with type 2 DM, in a tertiary care hospital of the Eastern region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 70 patients with type 2 DM. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital. HbA1c, magnesium levels and Vitamin D levels were categorized as per hospital laboratory protocol. Results: More than half of the patients were males (51.4%). More than half had either inadequate or poor glycemic control (57.1%). The serum Vitamin D levels (58.6%) and magnesium levels (90%) recorded were mostly adequate. A negative association was observed between Vitamin D and HbA1c (r=−0.31; P=0.01). A negative association was observed between magnesium and HbA1c (r =−0.43; P=0.001). Conclusion: A significant negative association was observed between both serum magnesium and Vitamin D and HbA1c.