Yale New Haven Health System

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neurological Outcome in Ischemic Stroke at 4.5 to 24 Hours: A Post Hoc Analysis of TRACE-III Trial

Whether neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as a marker of increased inflammatory response, modifies the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase is uncertain in patients 4.5–24 h after stroke onset. We investigated this in the Tenecteplase Reperfusion Therapy in Acute Ischemic Cere...

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has undergone a remarkable transformation from a fatal childhood disease to a chronic adult condition, with a median predicted survival now exceeding 50 years following the introduction of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy (HEMT). This demographic shift...

Validation of the International Working Group 2023 response criteria for higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms using the International Consortium for Myelodysplastic Syndromes VALIDATE database and a randomized phase III trial

Response assessment criteria in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (HR-MDS) have been updated in the 2023 International Working Group (IWG) criteria. However, validation of these criteria has been limited to date. We analyzed overall survival (OS) by be...

Categorizing differences in postpartum hemorrhage management and associated clinical factors

Abstract Objective To examine whether there is variation in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management and whether differences are associated with patient‐level factors and delivery hospital. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients delivered at ≥20 weeks of gestation...

Multilevel Meta-analyses of Emotional Processing Deficits Associated with Callous-Unemotional (CU) Traits: Do They Differ by Age and Sex?

Abstract Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, defined by deficient empathy and remorse, characterize a distinct subgroup of antisocial individuals with more severe behavioral problems and unique affective profiles. Two processes implicated in the development of CU traits are hyporeac...

Climate-related health and sustainable healthcare activities of U.S. professional medical societies: a mixed-methods analysis

PURPOSE: The authors characterize how U.S. professional medical societies are addressing climate-related health impacts and sustainable healthcare practices, and identify barriers and priorities for advancing a climate-fit healthcare system. METHOD: Ninety-five U.S. medical socie...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances levels other than PFOS, PFOA, or PFHxS and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis

Abstract Epidemiologic studies of PFAS and liver cancer risk have produced conflicting results with no strong or clear associations for pre-diagnostic perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS). We now report analyses of nine...

Baseline cellular state shapes the molecular impact of mutant KRAS alleles in reconstituted pancreatic cancer cells

KRAS is mutated in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), where hotspot alterations in codons 12, 13, and 61 drive tumor initiation and progression. Although distinct biochemical properties have been described for individual KRAS mutants, whether they generate uniq...

Reducing Inequities in Restraint Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Restraints are used in emergency departments to treat acute agitation and prevent harm but can cause injury. Local data demonstrated racial and ethnic disparities in restraint use. Of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients, 2.7% were physically restra...

Replication of sex differences in tobacco smoking-induced dopamine responses and extension to nicotine replacement therapy

Abstract Introduction Tobacco smoking is a major public health risk, and treatment efficacy differs by sex. Previous imaging studies reported sex differences in smoking-induced striatal dopamine release, but no PET study has independently replicated these findings. We applied a n...

Impact of Omitting Observation-Status Data on Hospital Readmission Metric for Pediatric Care

OBJECTIVES: Literature from Medicare beneficiaries suggests that hospital readmission metrics limited to inpatient encounters, omitting observation-status data, may not fully capture hospital performance and affect rankings. The impact of omitting observation-status data on this...

Impact of Response to Hypomethylating Agent‐Based Therapy on Survival Outcomes in the Context of Baseline Clinical‐Molecular Risk and Transplant Status in Patients With Higher‐Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms: An analysis From the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS)

Baseline IPSS-M risk, response to hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy, and receipt of allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) have all been individually shown to impact overall survival (OS) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the prognostic impact of re...

Structural causal influence captures the forces of social inequality in models of infectious disease

Abstract Mathematical models are central to understanding disease transmission for host–pathogen systems across the biosphere. However, most existing frameworks do not explicitly treat host population heterogeneity as a formal driver of variation in transmission dynamics. This ga...

Data-driven prediction of fifteen-year all-cause mortality among 2.3 million individuals in the VA

ABSTRACT We present a data-driven framework to predict 15-year all-cause mortality using outpatient administrative records for 2.3 million Veterans in the largest integrated U.S. healthcare system. Rather than relying on predefined clinical phenotypes, we used the 1,000 most comm...