Voronezh State Medical Academy named after N.N. Burdenko

New perspectives in phenotyping and endotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD represents a constellation of distinct etiotypes, clinical phenotypes, and pathogenetic endotypes, which necessitates a shift toward personaliz...