University of California, Santa Cruz

A Survey on Human-AI Collaboration with Large Foundation Models

As the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) continue to expand rapidly, Human-AI (HAI) Collaboration, combining human intellect and AI systems, has become pivotal for advancing problem-solving and decision-making processes. The advent of Large Foundation Models (LFMs) has...

Thermal bottlenecks constrain early-life survival of native fish in regulated rivers

Climate change is reshaping thermal regimes worldwide, threatening species whose early development depends on narrow temperature ranges. Yet directly linking warming to reproductive failure in wild populations remains intractable, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. We developed...

Gender roles and identity at Chiribaya Alta, Peru: A multiple correspondence analysis of mortuary contexts

Gender is an important structuring social identity, but archaeologists continue to struggle with non-binary ways to approach gender in the past. This study uses grave good presence and absence to examine the nature of gender roles and gender identity at Chiribaya Alta, Peru. Mult...

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications – version four

Abstract. A global in situ dataset for validation of satellite products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, with data starting in 1996, extends to 2025, which is important for the validation of recent algorit...

HIPPIE: a generative model for electrophysiological analysis across species, technologies, and modalities

Abstract Neuronal classification from extracellular electrophysiological recordings is challenging due to intrinsic waveform variability, noise, and technical differences across experiments, technologies, and species. We introduce HIPPIE (High-dimensional Interpretation of Physio...

The Star Formation History and Evolution of the Ultra-Diffuse M81 Satellite F8D1

Abstract We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of one of the nearest ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) outside of the Local Group: F8D1, a satellite of M81 known to be tidally disrupting. UDGs are an enigmatic and diverse population, with evolutionary pathways ranging...

Inclusion of MyAMI-derived Mg ∕ Ca corrections to the marine carbonate system in the cGENIE.cookie Earth system model (v.0.91)

Abstract. The concentrations of the major cations (esp., Ca2+, Mg2+) in Earth's oceans have undergone large-scale fluctuations in the geological past. This is important because the key geochemical properties of the marine environment that underpin the global carbon cycle – the aq...

Will work for sardines: 20 years of animal-borne ocean observing by Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Animal Tagging Facility

The world’s ocean stores ~90% of the excess heat generated by anthropogenic global warming, making sustained ocean observations essential for understanding physical, biological and climate processes. Here, we describe how the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Animal Taggi...

Cell Painting in activated cells illuminates phenotypic dark space and drug mechanisms of action

Abstract As drug and natural product libraries expand, assays for assessing mechanisms of action (MoA) are increasingly critical. Performing cytological profiling using the Cell Painting (CP) assay enables image-based profiling of cellular states upon treatment, yet many bioactiv...

How has Shanghai built a sustainable municipal solid waste management system through 30 years of socio-ecological practice?

Municipal waste management, widely recognized as a complex problem involving environmental, social, economic, and governance issues, has long received extensive attention from governments, academia, and the public. Since the late twentieth century, Shanghai has undergone a three-...

Time-resolved imaging of antiferromagnetic skyrmion interactions

Abstract Quantifying particle interactions is central to understanding and controlling collective dynamics in particle-based devices such as those comprising skyrmion ensembles. Here we directly visualize, in real time, the nanosecond current-driven dynamics of an antiferromagnet...

Satellite–Argo Reconstruction of the Mesoscale-Eddy Sound-Speed Field and Its Effect on Towed-Array Gain: A Differentiable Framework with Bounded Acoustic Feedback

We reconstruct the four-dimensional sound-speed field of mesoscale eddies from satellite sea-level anomaly and sparse Argo profiles with a geostrophically constrained coordinate network, and connect it to array-level acoustics through a differentiable parabolic-equation model and...

Satellite–Argo Reconstruction of the Mesoscale-Eddy Sound-Speed Field and Its Effect on Towed-Array Gain: A Differentiable Framework with Bounded Acoustic Feedback

We reconstruct the four-dimensional sound-speed field of mesoscale eddies from satellite sea-level anomaly and sparse Argo profiles with a geostrophically constrained coordinate network, and connect it to array-level acoustics through a differentiable parabolic-equation model and...

“But how does flying work on gravity when you just go up?”: An Investigation of Children’s Science Questions While Reading Life and Physical Science Books in Early Childhood

Abstract Children’s question-asking during early childhood plays a central role in cognitive development, reflecting children’s natural curiosity about the world. While research on early science learning has focused on informal contexts (e.g., home) where adults play a key role,...

The Search for Life Elsewhere: Avoiding Hype and Fostering Public Understanding

The search for life beyond Earth presents unique challenges for science communication due to its interdisciplinary nature, the potential for groundbreaking discoveries, and the inherent uncertainties involved. The Lorentz Center workshop Breaking News: We Found Extraterrestrial L...

Review of Particle Physics *

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and b...

Association between living environmental quality and risk of gastrointestinal diseases among middle-aged and older adults: evidence from a national study

Abstract Background With the rapid progression of population aging in China, gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have become one of the most common chronic conditions among middle-aged and older adults, substantially impairing quality of life and increasing healthcare burdens. However...

‘It meant something about who I am’: what the lived experience of failure teaches us about designing for goal setting

Setting personal goals is a complex process dependent on appropriate skills, motivation, and context, making failure a common part of goal pursuit. While recent Human-Computer Interaction research has begun to address this complexity by exploring qualitative and long-term goals,...

A Mid-Atlantic Brook Trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) genome to advance conservation and comparative genomics

Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are experiencing genomic erosion and demographic declines across the southern portion of their native distribution. A regionally representative reference genome is necessary to support conservation genomic initiatives for this species. While Br...

Ecotype-associated structural variants across multiple locally adapted Poeciliid fishes

Abstract Background Extreme environments provide powerful natural laboratories for studying evolutionary convergence across taxa. While convergent phenotypes frequently evolve in response to similar selective pressures, consistent molecular signatures at the nucleotide level are...