University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Consumer Grade Wearable Sensor Metrics Are Associated with Internal Forces at Common Running Injury Locations

INTRODUCTION: Inexpensive consumer-grade wearable sensors have expanded possibilities to assess, monitor, or modify a runner's gait. However, it is unclear which sensor-measured gait metrics are strongly associated with internal loading at common injury locations. PURPOSE: To mea...

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has undergone a remarkable transformation from a fatal childhood disease to a chronic adult condition, with a median predicted survival now exceeding 50 years following the introduction of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy (HEMT). This demographic shift...

Income Dynamics and Incident Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Although socioeconomic status is a recognized risk factor for esophageal cancer (EC), most studies have examined socioeconomic status at a single time point. We investigated the association between income dynamics and incident EC. METHODS: We analyzed 3,361,091 Korean...

Managing growth and puberty concerns in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Updated guidance and future directions

Long-term glucocorticoid therapy is standard of care for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) but often results in impaired growth and delayed or incomplete puberty, impacting their physical and psychosocial health. Although DMD endocrine care has evolved, leading t...

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Implementing Guidelines into Practice

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, affecting up to 50% of patients. Early identification and management of DPN are crucial to minimize complications and maintain patient quality of life. Multiple guidelines have been develo...

SPIRIT-CONSORT-ELM: element-level annotated dataset and large language model approach for assessing randomized controlled trial reporting

Abstract Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are central to assessing the benefits and harms of interventions, but incomplete reporting undermines their verifiability and usefulness. Although SPIRIT and CONSORT reporting guidelines promote complete reporting of RCT protocols and...

Sequential Passenger Lymphocyte Syndrome and Skin-Predominant Acute Graft-vs-Host Disease After Liver Transplantation

ABSTRACT Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) and acute graft-vs-host disease (aGVHD) both arise from donor lymphocytes but represent distinct immune-mediated complications rarely documented sequentially in the same recipient. We report a 63-year-old woman who developed severe hem...

Is there an association between folic acid food fortification and the risk of COVID-19 incidence or mortality?

Folic acid fortification is a global public health intervention to prevent neural tube defects. During the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 was postulated to “hijack” folate for viral replication, and studies showed that folic acid supplementation might decrease SARS-CoV-2 infection risk but...

Burden of chronic postsurgical pain after caesarean delivery on maternal quality of life: a systematic review

Summary Introduction Chronic postsurgical pain after caesarean delivery is an important cause of postpartum morbidity, yet its impact on maternal quality of life has not been comprehensively synthesised. The aims of this systematic review were to evaluate the impact of chronic po...

Pediatric Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease Is Often Severe But Responsive to Siltuximab

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a potentially fatal immunologic disorder marked by widespread lymphadenopathy and inflammation. Siltuximab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor, is the only FDA-approved treatment for adult patients with iMCD. Limited...

Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures: a comprehensive review with emphasis on current and emerging pharmacotherapies

Introduction Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures (EMAtS), historically termed Doose syndrome, is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by the usually abrupt onset of multiple generalized seizure types, including myoclonic-atonic seizures, in early childho...

Early life factors documented in electronic health records predict recurrent acute otitis media

Recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM; defined as ≥3 AOM episodes in 6 months or ≥4 episodes in 12 months) affects 10–15% of children in the United States and is a leading cause of healthcare utilization and antibiotic prescriptions. Prospective identification of children at risk of...

Beyond One-Size-Fits-All: Redesigning Research Training in Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship

Research training is a required component of pediatric cardiology fellowship in the United States, intended to foster scholarly productivity, critical thinking, and academic development. However, two national surveys of fellows and fellowship program directors suggest that the cu...

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently defined tumor type that is not well-understood. Prognostic factors of clinical outcomes are not well-established. METHODS: Methylation profiling was performed on tumor samples, many at the National Cance...

Quantifying pain in persistent spinal pain syndrome: a pilot protocol using spectrogram analysis and PROMIS score correlation

Persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of individuals and presents unique challenges for effective assessment and management. Pain is often evaluated using self-report measures, which can be influenced by psychological, social, an...

Central Adiposity Versus Body Mass Index in Assessment of Adiposity-Related Differences in Physical Activity Among Schoolchildren Aged 5–12 Years in High-Risk Neighborhoods

Purpose: Body mass index (BMI) is widely used in childhood obesity surveillance despite limitations in capturing central adiposity, which has been hypothesized to relate to reduced participation in movement. This study compared associations between z-score waist circumference (zW...

Preoperative SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Outcomes After Major Cardiac Procedures: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of the TriNetX Network

Background/Objectives: Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiorenal outcomes in patients with diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Their association with perioperative outcomes after major cardiac procedures remains uncertain. Methods: In...

Effort and substance use: differentiating tobacco use through reinforcement learning of effort based decision making

BACKGROUND: Effort-based decision making evaluates rewards relative to the effort required to obtain it, an important process of healthy goal-directed motivation and behavior. Computational models provide mechanistic insights underlying choice behavior and potential alterations i...

Serum microRNA Analysis of Nonhuman Primates Prophylaxed with Gamma-tocotrienol and Exposed to Total- or Partial-body Radiation

Ionizing radiation exposure is a rising military and national security risk. Exposure to a high dose can lead to an illness called acute radiation syndrome (ARS), which poses clinical challenges. There is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agent that can be used prior...

A data-driven single substitution to overcome bias from conventional single substitution for LOD missingness in covariates in least squares regression

The Limit of Detection (LOD) is the threshold below which a measurement is considered too low to be reliably quantified. Even though advanced statistical methods exist for dealing with the values below the LOD, simple approaches are still frequently used in real-world settings. C...