The FRAM Centre

Containment Is Not Integrity – When Online Leak Sealing Holds — And When It Doesn't

Containment is not integrity. An injected sealant can stop a leak within minutes, but it does not restore the wall, the weld or the joint that failed; what remains is a new, temporary pressure boundary. This technical decision paper (FRALEX-TDP-002) sets out the conditions that m...

Reduced BVOC emissions from birch forest understory during coupled insect outbreak and microclimatic forcing

Abstract Insect outbreaks are intensifying across high-latitude forests, yet their effects on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from understory vegetation remain poorly resolved under natural outbreak conditions. Here, we examine how a severe geometrid moth outb...