Taibah University

Cascaded biorefineries for agro-industrial biomass residues: Sustainable waste-to-value engineering

Agro-industrial processing generates large, compositionally diverse residue streams that remain underutilised despite their potential to support circular production of chemicals, fuels and functional materials. This review develops a comparative engineering framework for ten majo...

Improving Autism Diagnosis Across Ages Using Eye-Tracking and Temporal Transformer Models

Variation in gaze behavior due to age is currently a considerable challenge in building reliable eye-tracking systems for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis. However, existing strategies often focus on static gaze representation or dataset-based information, which can lead...

Innovative development of an advanced machine learning modeling for predicting compressive strength of graphene-infused concrete: a SHAP and PDP approach

The quasi-brittle response of cementitious materials continues to limit their structural efficiency, necessitating advanced reinforcement strategies. While conventional fibers improve mechanical performance, the emergence of graphene-based nanomaterials offers new opportunities t...

The Impact of Educational Interventions on Clinical Documentation Using Pretest–Posttest CRABEL Scores: A Single Group Quasi-Experimental Study among Dental Interns

Abstract Clinical documentation is essential for patient safety, legal protection, and continuity of care. Nevertheless, record-keeping skills are usually overlooked by most undergraduate dental programs. This study investigated the outcomes of a structured educational interventi...

Stigma management, social support, and quality of life among adults with Crohnʼs disease and ulcerative colitis in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohnʼs disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), carries substantial physical and psychosocial burdens. Illness-related stigma may adversely affect quality of life (QoL), while perceived social support may be assoc...

FedCogniBand: cognition-aware predictive bandwidth allocation for communication-limited federated learning

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative model training among dispersed clients while safeguarding data privacy; yet, its practical implementation is significantly hindered by substantial uplink bandwidth restrictions and notable data heterogeneity. Even though there hav...

Smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding cardiovascular and respiratory harms among health sciences students who currently smoke in Saudi universities

Tobacco smoking is a major preventable cause of cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity worldwide. Although conventional cigarettes are strongly linked to serious chronic diseases, e-cigarettes generally result in lower toxicant exposure than conventional cigarettes but are not...

Impact of surface division and zone characteristics on outdoor surface temperature modeling with EnergyPlus

Several graphical user interface (GUI) tools used by energy modelers are powered by EnergyPlus, a widely recognized building energy modeling engine. Recent advancements in these tools have improved the creation of building geometries for energy modeling. Ladybug Tools, a Grasshop...

Spatially-integrated Ancestry Polygenic Risk Mapping for Diabetes: A Geographic-adjusted Genetic Scoring Framework

Abstract Background: Conventional polygenic risk scores (PRSs) often fail to capture geographic and ancestry-specific variation, limiting their predictive accuracy in admixed and globally diverse populations. This study aims to develop a spatially-aware PRS (SA-PRS) framework tha...

Multi-Horizon Predictive Maintenance for IoT-Enabled Electric Vehicle Fleets Using a Quantum-Temporal Residual Attention Framework

Predictive maintenance of electric vehicle (EV) fleets requires accurate estimation of Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Time-to-Failure (TTF), and State-of-Health (SOH) from heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) telemetry. However, real-world degradation patterns are nonlinear, nons...

Examining the distinctiveness of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire from depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure

The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) is widely used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with heart failure (HF), but conceptual overlap with depressive symptoms may complicate interpretation of patient-reported outcomes. To evalua...

Femoral malrotation and patellofemoral osteoarthritis: cadaveric study

BACKGROUND: Femoral rotational alignment has been proposed as one factor that may influence patellar tracking and the distribution of patellofemoral joint loading. The present study explored whether characteristic patterns of patellar facet degeneration coexist with abnormally hi...

Synthesis and evaluation of fluorinated chromene-pyridone as a dual-acting agent against Alzheimer's disease and cancer: biological assessment and computational modelling

The global challenge of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer necessitates new multifunctional therapeutics. We designed and synthesised novel chromene-hydrazone derivatives as multitarget ligands. Structures were confirmed spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography, with dat...

Comparative outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To compare clinical, operative, patient-reported, and economic outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in adults. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through June 13, 2025. T...