Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Co-option of Lysosomal machinery for sponge biosilicification

Biomineralization evolved repeatedly across animals, resulting in novel strategies for buoyancy, locomotion, and defense. Sponges are the only metazoans that build silica-based skeletons, and the mechanisms underlying their biosilicification are relatively understudied compared t...

Physical origins of speed control in swimming fishes

The linear relationship between tail-beat frequency and swimming speed in fish, first described by Bainbridge in 1958, has since been confirmed in species as disparate as eels and tuna. Dimensional scaling has explained why linearity should emerge at high Reynolds numbers, but th...

The Mediterranean Extreme Events Experiment and storm Harry in January 2026

Abstract The Global Observing System (GOS) includes drifting buoys with barometers whose surface pressure observations are essential for estimating the current state of the atmosphere and ocean for Numerical Weather Prediction. The Global Drifter Program, a scientific project bas...

Regulatory language limits satellite-based enforcement in marine protected areas

Abstract The international community has committed to protect 30% of the ocean by 2030, and satellite monitoring can now detect industrial fishing inside marine protected areas (MPAs) at near-global scale. Yet remote detection establishes only a vessel’s identity, position, time,...

Listening to Tsunami Waves Induced by Glacier Calving

Abstract Processes at the ice–ocean interface play a central role in regulating the stability of marine‐terminating glaciers and ice sheets and drive ocean freshening and mixing. Iceberg calving—a mechanical loss of ice—generates ocean waves and promotes water‐mass exchange in gl...

Open Ocean Biogeochemical Impacts of Extreme Terrestrial Precipitation

Abstract Extreme events reshape ocean ecosystems with significant implications for nutrient and carbon cycling. Here, we demonstrate that flooding on land can be a significant driver of biogeochemical variability in the open ocean, even in relatively dry climates. Using satellite...

Application of deep learning to estimate blue and fin whale call density in the southern California Current Ecosystem

Abstract Blue ( Balaenoptera musculus ) and fin whales ( Balaenoptera physalus ) are dominant contributors to low-frequency ocean soundscapes, yet reliably extracting their calls from long-term passive acoustic recordings is methodologically challenging. Here, we train a multi-cl...

Divergent effects of semaglutide and CRV431 Co-therapy on liver fibrosis and HCC in MASLD mouse model

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by progressive fibrosis and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, approved drug treatments for MASLD, including thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) and glucagon-like pepti...

Main covariability patterns between the Loop Current and the flow through the Yucatan Channel from altimetry and sustained moored observations

The Loop Current (\textbf{LC}) dominates circulation in the Gulf of Mexico, yet how its surface structure relates to Yucatan Channel flow remains incompletely understood. We apply maximum covariance analysis to altimetry-derived geostrophic speed over the LC domain and Canek velo...

Ten rules to increase the usability of earth observation mission datasets

Abstract Publicly-funded Earth Observation (EO) missions present unprecedented challenges and opportunities for observing our changing planet and applying the knowledge gained to benefit society. As EO mission data continue to grow in volume and complexity, a paradigm shift in ho...

Shallow Landslides Align With Atmospheric Rivers in Coastal Steeplands

Abstract Rapid, shallow landslides in coastal mountains are triggered by extreme precipitation, shaping topography and impacting human settlements. Using an inventory of >700 landslides mapped from satellite imagery (2009–2024) and an atmospheric river database (1981–2019), this...

Along‐Strike Coupling Heterogeneity in Cascadia's Slow‐Slip Zone Constrained by GNSS and Reduced‐Order Rate‐And‐State Friction Modeling

Abstract Slow slip events (SSEs) in the Cascadia subduction zone exhibit along‐strike segmentation, where the central segment has longer recurrence intervals but smaller moments. We quantify the controls on this variability by combining geodetic inter‐SSE coupling inversion with...

A Satellite‐Based Estimate of the Contribution of Filamentary Structures to Lateral Carbon Transport in the Pacific and Atlantic Upwelling Systems

Abstract Cross‐shelf interactions and the associated lateral transport of organic carbon remain poorly quantified and constrained by observations, despite their importance for the ocean carbon cycle. Filaments generated by instabilities of coastal currents are one pathway for thi...

Ubiquity and seasonality of deep submesoscales in the Southern Ocean revealed by elephant seals

Abstract Ocean submesoscale fronts with a size of 1–20 km have been extensively documented within the surface mixed layer, but little is known about their existence below it. We analyze a record of 133 598 dives performed by instrumented Southern Elephant Seals from 2014 to 2020...

Efficient Physics-Informed Ground-Motion Simulations with Reduced-Order Models: CyberShake Implications and High-Resolution Site Terms for Southern San Andreas Fault Earthquakes

ABSTRACT Recent advances in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) leverage physics-based ground-motion simulations to estimate seismic hazard, such as the CyberShake project. However, computational costs quickly escalate when performing PSHA for numerous faults or sites an...

Near-Surface Shear-Wave Velocity from Train Vibrations with Distributed Acoustic Sensing

ABSTRACT Seismic velocity models are effective for imaging subsurface structures, yet resolving shallow features at depths less than 100 m remains challenging due to the limited availability of high-frequency signals and the need for closely spaced channels. We addressed this usi...

Using Tower‐Based Observational Networks to Assess the Impact of COVID‐19 Lockdowns on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Six North American Cities

Abstract The onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in North America and the lockdowns that followed in March 2020 brought forth a rapid change to societal functions disrupting many aspects of normal life, including the greenhouse gas emissions associated with them. In this work, we exam...

Observation of Yanai Wave Excitation by Tropical Instability Waves in the Equatorial Pacific

Abstract Yanai waves are observed in the central equatorial Pacific at 436–864 m depth, below the Equatorial Undercurrent. Applying maximum likelihood estimation to shipboard ADCP measurements enables identification of Yanai wave signals from irregularly sampled observations. Ray...

An enantioselective covalent inhibitor of BAX confers cytoprotection in vivo

No therapies directly block apoptosis in tissue injury or the many diseases driven by cell loss. The BCL-2 family protein BAX is a central mediator of this pathway and C126 resides within a key regulatory region where physiologic or pharmacologic ligands can activate or inhibit i...

Sea surface warming suppresses primary sea spray aerosol number production

Abstract. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) influences climate through direct and indirect interactions with radiation. However, the magnitudes of these interactions remain poorly constrained, in part due to a lack of understanding of the influences of sea surface temperature (SST) on SSA...