RIKEN Center for Brain Science

Comprehensive profiling of brain dynamics during anesthesia across phylogeny

Abstract The behavioral effects of anesthetics are highly conserved across species, hinting at shared and fundamental underlying mechanisms. Here we compile a dataset of multiscale neural activity during wakefulness and anesthesia, encompassing human, macaque, marmoset, mouse, ze...

Direct Visualization of a Hydroperoxy Intermediate in Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Maturation in PAmCherry1

Abstract Despite the widespread use of fluorescent proteins in bioimaging, the mechanism of oxidative chromophore maturation to form the tyrosine Cα═Cβ double bond remains unclear. In the photoactivatable fluorescent protein PAmCherry1, this double bond has not yet been formed pr...

Leveraging the salivary microbiome profile to stratify REM sleep behavior disorder and synucleinopathies

Abstract Few studies have explored noninvasive biomarkers of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), and rapid-eye-movement behavior disorder (RBD), a prodromal stage for these conditions. Human oral/salivary microbiomes are altered in PD, highlighting their potent...

Wasserstein projection estimators for circular distributions

For statistical models on circles, we investigate performance of estimators defined as the projections of the empirical distribution with respect to the Wasserstein distance. We develop algorithms for computing the Wasserstein projection estimators based on a formula of the Wasse...

Strong connections of locally clustered neurons in the upper-layer cortex underlie schizophrenia-related auditory deviance detection

The detection of unexpected sounds, or auditory deviance detection, is thought to be achieved by comparing prediction signals and sensory inputs in the auditory cortex. This process is markedly impaired in patients with schizophrenia. However, the local circuit properties underly...

Cryo-EM structure of pro-aggregant P301L/S320F double-mutant tau filaments formed in mouse brains following peripheral AAV delivery

Abstract Tauopathies are characterized by the accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau filaments, with disease-specific folds revealed by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Here, we delivered a recombinant human tau carrying the P301L/S320F double mutation into App NL-G-F /...

Language-like statistical structure arises in learned signaling: evidence from birdsong

All languages have statistically coherent subsequences (e.g., words) whose frequency distribution follows a power law. These properties facilitate language learning in humans, making them good candidates for arising through cultural transmission as a way to help faithful transmis...

Neural Assimilation and Accommodation in Trilinguals: An fMRI Study at 7 T

Understanding how multiple languages are represented in the multilingual brain is critical to theories of multilingual assimilation and accommodation. Whether a second language (L2) recruits native-like networks (assimilation) or engages additional neural resources (accommodation...