Research Institute of Wood Industry

Flame Retardancy of Vinyl Acetate–Ethylene Emulsion Adhesives Modified with Intumescent Flame Retardants and Fly Ash

Vinyl acetate–ethylene copolymer emulsion (VAE) adhesives are widely used in formaldehyde-free wood-based panels and coating systems, but their inherent flammability limits broader application in fire-safety-demanding fields. In this work, fly ash (FA), an industrial solid waste...