Providence Portland Medical Center

Time-dependent divergence in infection risks among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fumarates versus anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have an elevated infection risk, yet long-term comparative data with oral fumarates are limited. Objective: To compare infection incidence, healthcare resource utilization, and relapse...

Ventral Column Spinal Cord Stimulation for Pain Management

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a form of neuromodulation that delivers electrical impulses to the spinal cord, altering pain signals to provide relief from chronic pain. Since its introduction in the 1960s, SCS has primarily targeted the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. While...