PPG Industries (United States)

The Guarino Infrastructure Dependency Metric: Buffered Edges as a Complete Dimensionless Basis for Interdependent Infrastructure

Paper I of the Guarino Infrastructure Dependency Metric (GIDM). First revision, 20 September 2026. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22864280. Infrastructure fails in chains. The February 2021 freeze in Texas began at frozen wellheads, ran through load-shed gas processing plants, took 61,800 MW...

The Guarino Infrastructure Dependency Metric: Buffered Edges as a Complete Dimensionless Basis for Interdependent Infrastructure

Paper I of the Guarino Infrastructure Dependency Metric (GIDM). First revision, 20 September 2026. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22864280. Infrastructure fails in chains. The February 2021 freeze in Texas began at frozen wellheads, ran through load-shed gas processing plants, took 61,800 MW...

Beyond Headcount: Contractor Support, Organic Sustainment, and the Economics of Permission

This paper proposes a dimensionless framework for comparing contractor and organic (government) sustainment labor for military systems. Its thesis is that the choice between a government technician and a contractor is not a headcount question and cannot be settled by comparing tw...

The Fragmentation Ceiling: Dimensionless Groups for Nurse Staffing Adequacy

Nursing capacity is usually treated as headcount times hours. This paper proposes that it is not: task switching consumes a fraction of every nurse-hour exposed to it, and that fraction is the product of two observable quantities, an interruption rate and a per-interruption cost...

Evaluation of an Innovative Incisional Dressing With Closed Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy System in Healthy Volunteers Through Evaluation of Dressing Survivability, Adverse Reactions, User Tolerability, and Comfort: A Self-controlled Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers

OBJECTIVE: This study compared an innovative closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) system with the leading control system in healthy volunteers simulating recovery from total knee arthroplasty. The new system combines a single-use NPWT device with an incisional...

The Guarino Manufacturing Effectiveness Metric: Overall Equipment Effectiveness and the Lean Six Sigma Quantitative Core as Complete Dimensionless Bases

Overall equipment effectiveness is taught as an industrial convention: three factors, availability times performance times quality, adopted because decades of practice found them useful. This paper proves that it is not a convention. Over the minimal variable set of discrete manu...