Parahyangan Catholic University

Music from Balconies: Simulated Acoustic Performance of Sitelumbeo Batak Toba Traditional Houses

This paper examines the sitelumbeo-type house among the Batak Toba people in North Sumatra, Indonesia, as a venue for traditional gondang music performances during celebrations and rituals marking key life events. Using digital models and acoustic simulations of three sitelumbeo...

Assessing Perceived Construction Risk Allocation and Agreement under Design–Bid–Build Contracts: Evidence from a Developing Country

Abstract This paper examines perceived construction risk allocation under design–bid–build contracts and evaluates the degree of agreement between clients and contractors regarding which party should bear specific risks in the Indonesian construction context. Data were collected...