Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority

Effects of hydraulic retention time and indigenous substrates on the treatment performance of constructed wetlands planted with Cyperus alternifolius for healthcare wastewater remediation

Due to persistent contaminants in healthcare wastewater (HWW), conventional treatment technologies are ineffective. Yet few studies utilize local materials, and none have compared pumice versus ignimbrite substrates with Cyperus alternifolius in horizontal subsurface flow constru...