Neurobehavioral Systems

Adolescent Worry About Experiencing Firearm Violence and Its Association With Mental Health

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between worrying about experiencing firearm violence, past-month psychological distress, and past-year suicide ideation among California adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of a representative California adolescent sample (n = 215...

Increases in Regional Brain Volume and Thickness Following ECT and Relationships With Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Peripheral Inflammation

OBJECTIVES: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is highly prevalent and debilitating. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an efficacious intervention for TRD. This study sought to clarify ECT's mechanisms by examining relationships between ECT-induced changes in regional brain vo...

Associations between substance use by type and HIV viral suppression across multiple cohorts in the US

Substance use among people with HIV (PWH) represents an important obstacle to further reductions in HIV transmission. Using data from a diverse collection of five studies including people with HIV in care and those in community cohorts, we report results for analyses of the assoc...

Distinct inflammatory marker profiles of adolescents and young adults among the HIV risk, infection, and treatment spectrum

Abstract Youth living with or at HIV-risk exhibit distinct immune perturbations during HIV exposure, infection, and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding immune perturbations is critical for development of tailored prevention and enhanced therapeutic strategies. We performe...

An integrated augmented reality (AR) and embedded electronics-based toolkit for improved visualization and understanding of network graphs

Network graphs are all-pervasive, and an in-depth understanding of networks is important for students and researchers across a variety of disciplines that involve analysis of multi-modal data. Networks can be challenging to conceptualize due to their complexity, and immersive tec...

How you read the text matters: Caregiver oral reading prosody during shared reading relates to preschoolers’ language skills

Acoustic features of child directed speech (CDS) in caregiver-child conversational interactions are known to capture young children’s attention to language input and facilitate language learning. Emerging evidence suggests that caregivers’ use of CDS-like features when reading to...

Differences in Healthcare and Everyday Discrimination among Racial and Ethnic Minority Cancer Survivors in the all of the US Research Program

Abstract Background Discrimination experiences are associated with negative health outcomes. However, limited studies have examined the discrimination experienced by cancer survivors from racial and ethnic minorities. Our study seeks to analyze these groups’ experiences, focusing...

Evaluation of Inter-Method Reliability Between Palarum PUP Smart Socks® and the Opal v1 Mobility Lab System Among Ambulatory Adults

Early mobilization (EM) can mitigate hospital-acquired deconditioning by preserving prehospital functional status. EM measurement is challenging due to concerns such as accuracy and patient comfort. Palarum PUP® Smart Socks were designed for the hospital setting to track step cou...

Atypical Cerebellar Responses are Associated with Altered Neural Habituation during Sensory Stimulation in Autism

Sensory processing atypicalities are highly prevalent in autistic youth; yet, the neural mechanisms underlying these differences are not well understood. While the cerebellum plays a key role in sensorimotor coordination and is structurally and functionally atypical in the autist...

Human‐operant evaluation of synthesized alternative reinforcement and resurgence

Basic research suggests that differential reinforcement with synthesized alternative reinforcement (i.e., delivery of two or more qualitatively different reinforcers contingent on a single alternative response) increases resurgence during disruptions to the contingency. We evalua...

suPAR Identifies Treatment-Resistant Inflammatory Risk Beyond hs-CRP in Type 2 Diabetes With Coronary Artery Disease: An Ancillary Analysis of BARI 2D

OBJECTIVE To determine whether soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is modified by randomized diabetes and revascularization strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease and whether combined suPAR and hs-CRP classification refines re...

Staff Perspectives on Optimising Organisational Responses to Patient‐Initiated Workplace Violence

AIMS: To identify existing and ideal practices for responding to patient-initiated workplace violence in the US Veterans Health Administration. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive qualitative design. METHODS: Qualitative interviews with staff (n = 31) in eight veteran healthcare...

Association between urbanicity–cooking fuel type and self-reported respiratory symptoms as a proxy for acute respiratory infection symptoms among children under two years across ten East African countries

Abstract Introduction Evidence remains limited on how urbanicity modifies the relationship between household cooking fuel type and respiratory symptoms in young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined the prevalence of cough and dyspnea across te...

Right hippocampal volume and attenuated psychotic symptoms distinguish subgroups of youth with common patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity

Abstract Associations between patterns of brain connectivity and brain structural features have transdiagnostic relevance to psychopathology. There is considerable evidence for disruptions to the hippocampus and temporoparietal brain systems in psychotic disorders. The present st...

Neural mechanisms of sensory over-responsivity in youth with early caregiver-related adversity

Abstract Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is an impairing sensory processing challenge prevalent across a range of clinical and neurodevelopmental populations, as well as those with experiences of early caregiver-related adversity. Despite its prevalence and impairing nature, litt...

Early sleep and sensory over-responsivity relate to insular functional connectivity with sensorimotor cortices and cerebellum in infants at varying likelihood for autism

Abstract Sleep problems and sensory over-responsivity (SOR) are common, co-occurring, and early emerging features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Yet, the early neural mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain unclear. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data from the Infant Br...