Nederlandse Spoorwegen

Modelling phased railway infrastructure upgrades deployment with a case study to ERTMS roll-out

Modernisation of railway infrastructure can lead to significant improvements in the efficiency of train services. However, the deployment of the modernisation requires huge financial investments and is carried out over decades. Consequently, infrastructure upgrade decisions must...

Beyond the main mode: the contribution of access and egress trips in door-to-door travel

Access and egress trips constitute a substantial part of a train trip in minds of travellers, often being the deciding factor whether to travel by train at all. Despite a host of studies analysing individual legs within a multimodal trip chain, the full chain within a multimodal...