National University of Mongolia

A critical analysis of English language policies in Mongolia

Abstract This article systematically and critically examines three English language policies enacted in Mongolia from 2001 to 2025. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA) as an overarching analytical framework, the study analyzes the policy texts to identify and unpack the prior...

Comparative physicochemical characterization and water quality assessment of drinking water from wells in Songino-Khairkhan District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

ABSTRACT Groundwater is an important drinking-water source in peri-urban areas where centralized water supply systems are limited. This study evaluated the hydrochemical characteristics and trace-element composition of groundwater in Khoroos 32 and 33 of Songino-Khairkhan Distric...

Reconstructed XCO2 Reveals Seasonal Moisture Limitation Sensitivity Across Typical Steppe, Forest, and Gobi Desert in Mongolia

Satellite-derived atmospheric CO2 observations provide important information for regional carbon monitoring, but their sparse spatial and temporal coverage limits their use in data-sparse drylands. We reconstructed seamless monthly column-averaged atmospheric CO2 (XCO2) over Mong...

Urban Expansion and Satellite–Administrative Divergence in Mongolia: Multi-Sensor Evidence from Ulaanbaatar and Pastoral Provinces

Urban monitoring in rapidly growing dryland cities is difficult because satellite signals and administrative records capture different aspects of settlement change and can perform differently across land-cover contexts. Mongolia provides a useful case because urban growth is conc...

Measuring multidimensional student engagement beyond western contexts: A mixed-methods validation study in Mongolian higher education

Student engagement is a multidimensional construct critical for academic success in higher education, yet most measurement instruments were developed in Western contexts and lack validation for non-Western settings, particularly regarding agentic engagement. This study adapted an...

Deer Imagery in Deer Stones and Animal-Style Bronze Artifacts

Abstract As a central symbolic motif in the ancient art of the Eurasian Steppe, the deer developed into a distinctive visual and symbolic system from the Late Bronze Age to the Xiongnu period. Deer imagery provides an important perspective for understanding the spiritual world, r...

On the Origin and Semantics of Chinggis Khan’s White Banner

Abstract All nations of the world are expressed through the meaningful phrase “The Five Colors and the Four Foreigners” (Tavan Ungu, Durvun Khari), while the political ideology of a sovereign known as the “Khan of the Nine Banners” – who reigns over them all – emerged over a thou...

Spatiotemporal Variability of Near-Surface Temperature Inversion over Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia

Near-surface temperature inversions are prevalent during the cold months in Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia, and significantly degrade urban air quality by trapping hazardous pollutants within a shallow atmospheric boundary layer. This study investigates spatiotemporal variability, ph...

Soil Carbon Recovery and Hydrological Buffering in Mongolian Rangelands: Local Benefits and Limits of Earth-System Connectivity

Soil organic carbon (SOC) restoration in degraded drylands is increasingly promoted for climate mitigation and hydrological co-benefits, yet the scale at which these benefits remain detectable remains uncertain. We therefore evaluate SOC recovery and its hydrological effects acro...