National Institute of Oncology

Real‐World HRR Testing Pathways and Patterns of Detected Alterations in Prostate Cancer From the Multinational ARON‐3 Study

ABSTRACT Background Homologous recombination repair (HRR) testing is increasingly relevant in prostate cancer because it identifies patients who may benefit from biomarker‐guided treatment strategies, including poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, real‐world i...

Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Translational Research to First-in-Human Trials in Oncology

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a functional imaging technique with several potential applications in various research fields. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging uses paramagnetic manganese (II) ions (Mn 2+ ) as the contrast enhancer, as they a...

Choosing Between Anti-TROP2 ADCs in Advanced Breast Cancer Without Head-to-Head Evidence: A Practical Evidence-Informed Decision Framework Endorsed by the Polish Society of Clinical Oncology

Background/Objectives: Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), including sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), have expanded treatment options for patients with advanced breast cancer. Although both agents...

Tools for providing information to patients about high-tech medical resources for treatment of cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-tech medical resources play an increasingly important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, accessing information about these technologies remains challenging due to their complexity and a lack of clear information pathways to obtain reliab...

Sex and Mortality Among Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Importance Unlike patient age, which has been a well-established and routinely used primary biological prognostic factor in the risk stratification of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the prognostic value of patient sex remains controversial in this common endocrine malignant neop...

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pancreatic Injury in Patients with Lung Cancer: Diagnostic Challenges, Multidisciplinary Management, and Outcomes

Background/Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause pancreatic immune-related adverse events ranging from isolated pancreatic enzyme elevation to severe acute pancreatitis. This study aimed to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic classification, managem...

Tisa-cel and axi-cel CAR structure influences the development of resistance to CD19-CAR-T therapy

CD19-CAR-T cells are a major therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, yet ~50% of patients relapse after infusion. Clinical data suggest that tisa-cel treatment is associated with higher rates of CD19 mutation than axi-cel, though direct comparisons have been lacking....

Early evaluation of the WCT EVI MAP project: implementation, challenges, and emerging impact on evidence-based tumour classification

<ns5:p>Background The WHO Classification of Tumours (WCT) underpins cancer diagnosis globally, but the evidence-base used to inform tumour classification has never been systematically appraised. The WCT EVI MAP project was designed to address this need by developing a structured,...

Efficacy and tolerability of venetoclax plus rituximab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia – real-world analysis of Polish adult leukemia study group

We collected clinical data on 363 patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (RR-CLL) treated with venetoclax-rituximab (VR) in a real-world setting. The median age was 69.5 years (range, 32.5–91.6 years), and the median number of prior lines of therapy was 2...

Reflectance confocal microscopy and pathological correlation of tumor microenvironment in adnexal cancers during balstilimab treatment

Adnexal carcinomas (AC) are rare, locally aggressive tumors with limited systemic treatment evidence and no validated immunotherapy biomarkers. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) enables non-invasive, in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) imaging at near-histologic resolution....

Integrated Multi-Omics and Interactome Analysis of CDK8 Inhibition Reveals Erythroid Differentiation Programs and Therapeutic Synergy with BET Blockade in AML

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a therapeutically challenging malignancy driven by the self-renewal, quiescence, and therapy resistance of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). CDK8, a kinase component of the Mediator complex, regulates oncogenic transcription, and the selective CDK8/CDK...