National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics

The Mediterranean Extreme Events Experiment and storm Harry in January 2026

Abstract The Global Observing System (GOS) includes drifting buoys with barometers whose surface pressure observations are essential for estimating the current state of the atmosphere and ocean for Numerical Weather Prediction. The Global Drifter Program, a scientific project bas...

Hot-springs through time, and how to find them

Hot-springs have fascinated geologists including James Hutton for centuries. Here we synthesise data collected over timescales from centuries to days to reveal rules governing hot-springs, including where and when they occur. Data reveal waters dominantly sourced from the surface...

Amphiphilic Motif Triggers Microheterogeneity in Low‐Melting Mixtures

Microheterogeneity in low‐melting mixtures of ethylene glycol and chemically modified choline derivatives synthesized on purpose is here proposed. Novel cholinium ions with one or two N ‐butyl substituents or an N ‐hydroxybutyl chain are synthesized for the first time. Synthesis...

An Automated Workflow for Reliable Focal Mechanism Determination of Low-Magnitude Earthquakes in the Southeastern Alps

Abstract In regions dominated by low-magnitude seismicity, obtaining reliable focal mechanisms (FMs) at the catalog scale remains challenging, particularly when waveform-based inversions are limited by simplified velocity models and network geometry. Here, we present an automated...

Revealing seismic sequence characteristics in the south-eastern Alps and the Western Dinarides by clustering analysis and refined location

Abstract The characterization of seismic sequences provides key constraints on fault geometry, rupture processes, and seismic hazard. In this study we investigate seismicity recorded between 2015 and 2024 in the south-eastern Alps and Western Dinarides (SEAWD), one of the most te...

A novel Gauss-Hermite High-Order Sampling Hybrid ensemble filter for computationally efficient data assimilation in geosciences – Part 1: Application to Lorenz-96 in PythonDA v1.2.2

Data assimilation is used in a number of geophysical applications to optimally integrate information from observations and models. Providing an estimation of both state and uncertainty, ensemble algorithms are among the most successful data assimilation approaches. Since the esti...

Effect of scale-dependent permeability on the propagation of seismic waves in fluid saturated rocks

Abstract Wave-induced local fluid flow at different scales, which contributes most to the wave velocity and attenuation, is determined not only by the compressibility of rock but also by its permeability properties. To investigate the potential relationship between permeability a...

Learning with constraints: A physics-guided Bayesian framework for reliable geothermal temperature mapping in northeastern Italy

Reliable deep-temperature estimation remains a central challenge in geothermal exploration, particularly in sedimentary–carbonate provinces where borehole data are sparse and vertically imbalanced. These conditions lead to unreliable extrapolation and poor uncertainty characteriz...