National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

VIProDesign: viral protein panel design for highly variable viruses to evaluate immune responses and identify broadly neutralizing antibodies

Motivation: Highly mutable viruses continuously evolve, with some posing major pandemic risks. However, standardized neutralization assays and up-to-date viral panels are often lacking, limiting evaluation of immunogens and identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Closi...

The immunophenotype and proviral landscape of HIV-infected CD4 T cells during antiretroviral therapy

In individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy, integrated HIV proviruses persist within CD4 T cells, forming a viral reservoir that rebounds if treatment is stopped. Identifying and targeting these rare, infected cells is critical for advancing therapies, but methods to stud...

Therapeutic remodeling of the tuberculosis granuloma with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan enhances CD8+ T cell-macrophage interactions.

T cell infiltration and reduces T cell activation and proliferation; and iii) therapeutic strategies, including D-1MT, that improve intragranulomatous killing hold strong translational potential.

Potent type-specific de novo antibodies complement broadly reactive imprinted antibodies in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants

Abstract For rapidly mutating viruses such as influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immune memory recalled by antigenically drifted variants primarily comprises antibodies that cross-react to the priming strain rather than de novo eli...

Changes in neurodevelopmental outcomes from 24 to 36 months among children HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU) and HIV-unexposed (CHU)

Objective: To compare neurodevelopment through 36 months between breastfed children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (CHEU) exposed to maternal dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) and children born to mothers without HIV (CHU). Methods: We enrolled a prospecti...

An autoinflammatory CDC42 variant M45L demonstrates the mechanism of pyrin inflammasome activation

CDC42 is an evolutionarily conserved guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) regulating critical cellular and immune processes. Variants in CDC42 therefore cause a spectrum of developmental phenotypes, including hematological and immunological symptoms. Here, we identify a previously u...