National Center for Tumor Diseases

MOSAIC: Intra-tumoral heterogeneity characterization through large-scale spatial and cell-resolved multi-omics profiling

Understanding the tumor microenvironment has the potential to significantly advance precision oncology, but this effort has been hampered by the scarcity of consistent large data sets. Here, we introduce MOSAIC (Multi-Omics Spatial Atlas in Cancer), a multi-center clinical omics...

Durable treatment response to Trastuzumab deruxtecan in two patients with recurrent grade III anaplastic ependymoma

Abstract Background Anaplastic ependymoma is a rare and aggressive central nervous system malignancy for which effective systemic treatment options are limited. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), an antibody–drug conjugate targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), h...

Divergent medulloblastoma chromatin states disclose KDM2B as a selective dependency

Abstract Medulloblastoma is a biologically heterogeneous childhood cerebellar tumor harboring frequent chromatin-modifying gene alterations. How these alterations promote transcriptional programs governing malignancy remains poorly defined. To address this knowledge gap, we evalu...

The Protective Effect of Chlorella vulgaris Supplement Against Mercury Exposure Is Associated with DMT1: A Transcriptomic Analysis

Daily supplements have emerged as a compelling strategy for heavy metal detoxification (e.g., Hg and Pb), given that conventional chelation therapy lacks chronic exposure data and is heavily reliant on the doctor’s experience. Among such natural agents, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul...

Clinical efficacy/effectiveness, safety, and health-related quality of life associated with relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma treatments: systematic literature review

Abstract Background Patients with relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma (R/R pLGG) face considerable long-term morbidity. Most cases are driven by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway alterations, for which several targeted agents have been evaluated. Systemat...

The Second Nitrogen Fits: Development of Diazine-Based Macrocyclic Chelators to Stably Bind Radionuclides Used in Targeted Alpha Therapy

Abstract Identifying suitable chelators for 212Pb, 223Ra, and 225Ac and their diagnostic counterparts 131Ba, 133La, and 203Pb remains one of the major challenges in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy. Four novel macrocyclic chelators containing the...

Non-invasive biofeedback-assisted vs. conventional pelvic floor muscle training combined with high-effort resistance training for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Radical prostatectomy (RP) often leads to urinary incontinence (UI). There is sufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that pelvic floor muscle and sphincter training (PFMT) are effective interventions to reduce UI. Objective To compare the...

Minigene-based characterization and classification of splice-associated variants in succinate dehydrogenase B

Abstract Pathogenic germline variants in SDHB are associated with an increased risk for tumors such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. However, limited functional evidence for rare variants poses a major challenge for clinical decision making. To systematically investigate po...

A pancreatic cancer organoid-macrophage co-culture using starPEG-heparin hydrogel deciphers tumor-immune cell interactions

Abstract Macrophages are among the most abundant immune cells in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in regulating the immunosuppressive niche that facilitates tumor growth. Although recent three-dimensional (3D) culture sy...

Systemic Metabolic Changes in Plasma of Patients with Myelodysplastic Neoplasms and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Background: Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDSs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders associated with ineffective hematopoiesis, chronic inflammation, and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Although metabolic dysregulation has been implicated in MDS pathogenesis, systemic me...

Beyond in silico prediction: multi-omics to identify a pathogenic deep intronic HNRNPK variant in Au-Kline syndrome

Abstract Pathogenic variants in HNRNPK are associated with autosomal dominant Au-Kline syndrome (AKS, Au-Kline-Okamoto syndrome, OMIM #616580). This syndrome is characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability, hypotonia, and distinctive facial features. Despite t...

Federated Medical Image Segmentation under Real-World Label Noise: A Benchmark Suite for Noisy Label Learning Method Selection

Abstract While federated learning (FL) enables collaborative medical image segmentation without centralizing sensitive data, real-world deployment is frequently complicated by cross-site label imperfections such as contour disagreement, missing or additional structures, and confu...

A targetable dependency on nonsense-mediated decay for cellular homeostasis and immune control in small cell lung cancer

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, characterized by rapid metastatic dissemination and poor overall survival. Despite harboring excessive alterations, expectedly resulting in immunogenic neoantigens, patients with SCLC remain largel...

OncoRAG: graph-based retrieval enabling clinical phenotyping from oncology notes using local mid-size language models

Abstract Oncology notes contain the richest clinical detail, yet they remain largely inaccessible at scale because extracting structured phenotypes requires either substantial language model infrastructure, curated training data, or cloud computing under regulatory constraints. W...

Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: MAIA final survival analysis

Abstract In previous analyses of MAIA, daratumumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (D-Rd) significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) versus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). We report...

Longitudinal Tumor, Vascular, and Immune Cell Response in Two Rat Prostate Carcinomas After Isoeffective Photon, Proton, and Carbon Ion Irradiation: Impact of Linear Energy Transfer, Dose Level, and Hypoxia

Background/Objectives: High linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ions achieved more effective and biologically robust tumor control than photons in preclinical prostate cancer models; however, the longitudinal development of histopathological parameters remains insufficiently char...

Molecular characterization of mismatch repair deficient tumors in young Jordanian patients

<title>Abstract</title> In Jordan, approximately 19% of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) in patients younger than 45 years show mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). MMRD in pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG) and CRC in Jordan appears substantially more fre...

Quantifying the Interplay Between PRAME Expression and Classical Morphology: A Multivariable Analysis of 954 Suspected Melanocytic Lesions

The integration of immunohistochemical biomarkers like PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma) into the histomorphological assessment of melanocytic lesions is gaining prominence. While PRAME’s diagnostic value is widely recognized, its independent weight compared di...