Najran University

Interpretable water and agricultural land cover in urban landscapes using CNN–ViT framework with Grad-CAM for agricultural sustainability

Abstract Accurate land-use and land-cover classification in hyper-arid environments is challenging because several surface types can exhibit overlapping spectral and spatial characteristics in Landsat imagery. These surfaces include water, irrigated agriculture, moist soil, barre...

When Can Orthodontic Over-Treatment Be Measured? A Pre-Registered Identification Assessment, a Falsified Claim, and a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Untreated Occlusal Need in NHANES III

Background/Objectives: Orthodontic care is widely described as simultaneously over-supplied to those with little clinical need and under-supplied to those with much. Testing the first half of that claim requires a data source in which need is recorded independently of entitlement...

Explainable multi-scale health index learning for non-destructive condition monitoring and wear severity assessment of aviation piston pumps

Reliable condition monitoring of aviation piston pumps is essential for operational safety and predictive maintenance. This study proposes an Explainable Multi-Scale Health Index Learning (EMHI-L) framework integrating multimodal sensor fusion, multi-scale representation learning...

Exploratory QSPR analysis of physicochemical properties of selected antifungal agents using topological indices

Abstract The structural-property relationships are key in the study of the physicochemical behavior of pharmaceuticals. The degree-based topological indices available through molecular graph theory are used to investigate the structure-property analysis of selected antimycotic ag...

Data-driven optimization of a biomass–geothermal system for power and green ammonia production

This study presents a hybrid biomass–geothermal energy system for simultaneous power generation and ammonia production. The system integrates biomass conversion via gasification or anaerobic digestion, a gas turbine cycle, a geothermal-assisted organic Rankine cycle (ORC), thermo...

Explainable and MOWCA-optimized machine learning for compressive strength prediction and counterfactual mixture design of GGBS concrete

Abstract Accurate prediction of compressive strength in ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) concrete is challenging due to complex nonlinear interactions among curing age, water content, and binder proportions. This study develops a comprehensive explainable machine learn...

Short-term climate scenario sensitivity of a Riyadh office building: energy consumption, operational life cycle cost, and simulation-derived thermal comfort indicators

As climate change (CC) continues to reshape environmental conditions, combining projected climate data into building performance analysis is crucial for resilient design. This study investigates the influence of CC on energy consumption, economic outcomes, and simulation-derived...

Field-validated climate-resilient HVAC control for mixed-use buildings in a hot-arid region

Buildings in desert cities are difficult to operate efficiently because heat waves and airborne dust increase cooling demand, alter short-term thermal behavior, and reduce HVAC efficiency. This study develops and field-validates an adaptive control framework for mixed residential...

Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Enhancement: Bridging Neuropathological Cognitive Disorders to Emerging Neuropharmacological Strategies

Synaptic plasticity refers to the fundamental process through which synaptic connections become stronger or weaker in response to experience, thereby forming the basis of learning and memory. Disruption of this process is increasingly regarded as a common underlying mechanism of...

Optimized microwave pretreatment and ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction for efficient valorization of Citrus paradisi peel bioactives

Abstract This study presents a sustainable approach for recovering bioactive compounds from grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ) peel using a glycerol–glucose-based deep eutectic solvent as a green extraction medium. Spectroscopic characterization confirmed the formation of stable hydr...

Impact of Window Orientation and Window-to-Wall Ratio on Thermal Comfort and Daylight Performance Within an Educational Building in Saudi Arabia

In this study, thermal comfort parameters and illuminance (E) are investigated in four differently oriented workspaces at Najran University, using an R data logger and an Extech HD450 lux meter in accordance with international standards. The findings reveal that the effect of ori...

Radiomics Using Fused PET and CT Data for Prognostic and Diagnostic Modeling in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: 18F-FDG PET/CT is central to head and neck cancer (HNC) care, yet most radiomic models use PET or CT alone. We quantified the discrimination of fused PET/CT models and what fusion adds. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 and a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD420261319855...

A fuzzy graph-based Kulli–Basava descriptor for isomer discrimination and physicochemical property prediction

Abstract In this paper, a generalized fuzzy Kulli-Basava index ( $$FKB^{*}_1$$ ) of fuzzy graphs is introduced, which is an extension of the classical index, by introducing a fuzzy vertex degree, fuzzy edge membership value, and fuzzy sum of the degree of incident vertices. Unlik...

Development of efficient finite population mean estimators using transformed auxiliary variables and hierarchical clustering-based stratification

Abstract Efficient estimation of a finite population mean depends on both estimator formulation and the quality of the strata. This study develops three classes of mean estimators under stratified simple random sampling without replacement by integrating transformed auxiliary inf...

A multimodal deep learning assisted uncertainty-aware MPC framework for fault tolerant control of aviation piston pumps

Aviation piston pumps are critical components of aircraft hydraulic systems. The progressive wear can significantly degrade system reliability, control accuracy and operational safety of piston pumps. Conventional fault-tolerant control (FTC) methods generally rely on fixed syste...

Unveiling Systemic Barriers to High-Grade Glioma Management in Non-Tertiary Centers: A Case Report and Analysis of Resource-Limited Care Challenges

AIM: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are among the most aggressive brain tumors, including gliosarcoma. This report aims to present a case of gliosarcoma managed in a general non-tertiary hospital and to highlight the systemic barriers that delayed diagnosis and treatment.CASE PRESENTA...

Nonlinear primary resonance and dynamic stability in parametrically excited self-sustaining curved SWCNTs subjected to a thermal and magnetic loads

Abstract This research conducts a systematic examination of the nonlinear dynamic behaviour exhibited by curved single-walled carbon nanotubes (CSWCNTs) under parametric excitation while embedded in a nonlinear viscoelastic medium. The investigation employs nonlocal Euler–Bernoul...

Bayesian Modeling and Forecasting of Double Seasonal Vector Autoregressive Processes

A wide range of real-world multivariate time series encountered in practice exhibit two simultaneous and interacting seasonal cycles, for example hourly electricity demand, intraday financial prices, and sub-daily traffic volumes. Existing Bayesian frameworks for vector autoregre...