Meteorological Service Singapore

Projected changes in extreme waves and coastal hazards along the North Indian Ocean Coast utilizing high-resolution CMIP6 wave ensemble

Ocean surface waves are key drivers for coastal dynamics, influencing shoreline changes, sediment transport, and the structural stability of coastal infrastructures. In this study, we investigated the projected changes in wave climate with a particular focus on extreme waves and...

A cellular automaton model of tropical oceanic rain clusters with criticality

Abstract. The distributions of the cluster area, A, and total rain rate, R, for tropical oceanic rain clusters from a cellular automaton (CA) are analysed for their scaling exponent ζA, ζR, and β where f(s)~s-ζS; S∈{A,R}; f(s) the probability distribution of S. The CA only includ...

Refining the Simulation of Mixed‐Phase Clouds Over Coastal Antarctica With a Tailored Ice Nucleating Particle Parameterization

Abstract Climate models have substantial biases in downwelling shortwave radiation over the Southern Ocean (SO) and Antarctica, primarily due to their inability to accurately represent the frequent occurrence of low‐level mixed‐phase clouds. Building on the evaluation of the Unif...

100 m resolution projection of future urban heat Island of a tropical Coastal City

Cities face rising heat exposure due to climate change, yet the extent to which urban heat islands (UHI) intensify relative to overall warming remains unclear. This study examines Singapore, a highly urbanised tropical coastal city, focusing on near-surface air temperature (Tas)...