Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences

Open-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Versus Closed-Loop Responsive Neurostimulation in Drug-Resistant Bitemporal Epilepsy: A Narrative Review

Abstract Drug-resistant bitemporal epilepsy presents a therapeutic challenge when resective surgery is not feasible due to bilateral seizure onset or eloquent cortex involvement. Neuromodulation has emerged as an alternative, with open-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) and closed...