Lung Institute

Quantitative CT in the real-world evaluation of progressive pulmonary fibrosis; the REVISE PPF multicentre observational study

Abstract Rationale and Objective We assessed whether an FDA-cleared quantitative CT (qCT) tool (Brainomix, e-Lung) identifies progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) earlier than routine clinical diagnosis and evaluated the prognostic value of baseline and serial imaging biomarkers....

CT-based distribution of paranasal sinus involvement in sinusitis: A retrospective single-centre study

Background Sinusitis is among the most common inflammatory conditions of the paranasal sinuses, and computed tomography (CT) is the reference modality for demonstrating sinus involvement. The maxillary sinus is generally reported as the most frequently affected, but local data fr...

Defining catch-up growth in lung function between adolescence and adulthood: A 25-year population-based study

Background Lung function (LF) development from adolescence to adulthood varies widely. Two related but distinct phenomena are relevant: pronounced growth (large positive change in FEV 1 z-score) and classical catch-up (crossing the lower limit of normal). We aimed to quantify bot...

Interaction of walking activity and long-term air pollution on exacerbation rate in COPD

Background Regular walking activity can improve the prognosis in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its benefit may be reduced when living in highly polluted areas. Aim To assess the combined effects of walking activity and air pollution on the rat...

Anatomical Determinants of the Left Atrial Electrograms: Wall Thickness and Myocardial Fat Infiltration

INTRODUCTION: Electrogram peak-to-peak voltage depends on atrial wall structure and mapping configuration. We evaluated the relationship between computed tomography-derived atrial wall thickness, intramyocardial fat, myocardial muscle thickness, and electrogram voltage obtained w...

Zebrafish larvae swim bladder serves as a model to study Mycobacterium abscessus infection kinetics, host–pathogen interactions and drug efficacy

Mycobacterium abscessus , a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), is a cause of chronic lung infection primarily affecting people with underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis and other causes of bronchiectasis. Mostly caudal vein infection of zebrafish embryos has been used f...

Influenza vaccine uptake, willingness, and reasons for non-vaccination among South African Hajj pilgrims in 2025

Influenza is a leading cause of morbidity at the annual Hajj pilgrimage, yet vaccination uptake among pilgrims varies across settings. This study assessed influenza vaccination uptake, willingness to accept vaccination before Hajj, and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy am...

Tozorakimab to Prevent COPD Exacerbations

BACKGROUND: Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have exacerbations despite receiving standard-of-care inhaled maintenance therapy. Dysregulated interleukin-33 signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. Tozorakimab is a monoclonal antibody tha...

An Updated Evidence Assessment of the Genetic Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Evidence of the diverse genetic architecture of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) continues to emerge and requires reassessment of the clinical relevance of implicated disease genes. Building on the 2019-2020 Clinical Genome Resource evaluation, the DCM gene curation exper...

Data distribution impacts the performance and generalisability of contrastive learning-based foundation models of electrocardiograms

Contrastive learning is a widely adopted self-supervised pretraining strategy, yet its dependence on cohort composition remains underexplored. We present Contrasting by Augmented Patient Electrocardiograms (CAPE) foundation model and pretrain on four cohorts (n = 5,203,269), from...

Bioprosthetic Valve Failure After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

BACKGROUND: Data on the long-term incidence and clinical impact of bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement remain limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence, predictors, and clinical impact of BVF following transcatheter aortic valve...

PrEP awareness, barriers and facilitators in Malaysia in the current landscape of new HIV infections: a review

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake remains low among key populations in Malaysia despite notable improvements in PrEP awareness. This literature review aims to understand PrEP awareness, barriers and facilitators that influence PrEP utilisation. PrEP awareness ranged between...

Factors for Success and Failure of Allergen Immunotherapy ( AIT ) Trial Design in the Light of Evidence‐Based Medicine: Current Aspects 2026

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been acknowledged as the only disease-modifying treatment for respiratory diseases since its introduction in 1911. Although the efficacy and safety have convincingly been established in numerous randomized clinical trials (RCTs), the AIT study res...