Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories

Exploring Differential Item Functioning through Machine Learning: A Review of Rasch Trees and Regularized Moderated Rasch Models

Detecting and interpreting differential item functioning (DIF) is critical for ensuring the fairness and validity of measurement instruments. Combinations of psychometric models with data-driven machine learning (ML) approaches have been introduced to facilitate comprehensive DIF...

Unequal Social Belonging with Peers during Adolescence? Patterns by Age and Individual Characteristics

Abstract Social belonging, defined as temporally stable “frequent, affectively pleasant interactions with a few other people” (Baumeister & Leary, 1995, p. 497), is a fundamental human need and a crucial determinant of well-being. Despite its importance, gaps persist in our u...