Laboratoire Printemps

Digital invited spaces and local democracy: Constitutive ambivalence and paradoxical dynamics

Background This paper 1 analyzes the role of local participatory digital platforms as “invited digital spaces”—that is, participatory mechanisms that are open to citizens’ participation yet institutionally regulated. These tools, widely used in Europe and France, are presented as...

Measuring Ocean Surface Waves

Abstract Propagating waves on the ocean surface can be represented as a stochastic process whose statistics are characterized by a spectrum. This paper reviews methods for measuring the wave spectrum and related quantities. Observations begin by sensing fluid dynamical properties...