Korea National Defense University

A Frequency-Integrated Electromagnetic Vulnerability Index for Electronic Systems in Complex Electromagnetic Environments

This paper proposes a frequency-integrated electromagnetic vulnerability index (FI-EVI), which is a reference-weighted susceptibility-screening metric for shielded electronic enclosures rather than a direct measure of functional failure. The frequency-resolved vulnerability is de...

Recoverability, utility, and source-content exposure in compressed multilingual text representations

Reusable text representations are routinely cached and compressed, yet downstream utility and source-content exposure are rarely measured together. We evaluate token sequences and pooled vectors across six languages, five encoders, classification and dense retrieval, matched atta...

Simplified Scenario-Based Global Warming Potential Assessment of Carbon/Flax Fiber Hybrid Composites for Bicycle-Frame Applications

Carbon fiber-reinforced composites provide exceptional specific strength for lightweight structures but are associated with high global warming potential (GWP) during production. This study evaluates the GWP reduction potential of carbon/flax fiber hybrid composites for a one-pie...

Hierarchical reinforcement learning with low-level agents and active curriculum for torpedo countermeasures

Modern underwater warfare requires sophisticated torpedo countermeasure strategies to ensure mission success in complex threat environments. Previous hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) approaches show limited scenario adaptability, training efficiency, and structural flexi...