King Abdulaziz University

Burden and predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A seven-year cohort

ملخص الخلفية تظل خلل التنسج القصبي الرئوي من المضاعفات الجسيمة للخداج، إذ يرتبط بمراضة معتبرة وتباين واسع في معدلات حدوثه على المستوى العالمي. وتُعدّ البيانات المحلية ركيزةً أساسية لوضع استراتيجيات وقائية فعّالة وتحسين المآلات السريرية. الأهداف تقدير معدل حدوث خلل التنسج القصبي ا...

Evaluation of carotid artery stiffness by shear wave elastography in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and accelerated atherosclerosis secondary to chronic inflammation. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is widely used for vascular assessment; however, arterial stiffness may reflect earlier vascular dysf...

Air quality assessment in the context of landfill mining activities

Landfill mining (LFM) is a strategy aimed at mitigating any remaining potential adverse environmental impact of landfill sites whilst also recovering untapped commodities and energy for utilisation, as well as freeing up land resources for beneficial use. Many studies have highli...

Integrating gut physicochemical gradients and mobile genetic element dynamics to decipher horizontal gene transfer in termite microbiomes

Abstract Mobile genetic elements drive horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which may have contributed to the functional diversity of termite gut microbiomes, although the environmental determinants of these processes remain poorly understood. Our proposed model integrates spatially r...

Predicting the Unwelcome Return: Insights From a Cohort of Postoperative Haemorrhoid Patients

AIM: Recurrence after haemorrhoid surgery is a clinical concern, but the factors associated with recurrence have not yet been fully elucidated. In particular, the effects of external haemorrhoids and postoperative complications on long-term outcomes have not been clearly defined....

Long‐Term Persistence and Treatment Changes of Antihypertensive Therapy: A 5‐Year Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Aim To estimate persistence with antihypertensive therapy (AHT) and describe treatment changes and associated factors among persistent patients over 5 years. Methods We conducted a longitudinal cohort study using the IADB.nl pharmacy database in the Netherlands, includin...

Enhanced Hybrid Retrieval-Augmented Model for Question Answering in High-Sensitivity Domains

Arabic question-answering systems in high-sensitivity domains require not only accurate retrieval but also reliable evidence grounding and effective hallucination mitigation, as incorrect or unsupported responses may have serious consequences. Existing retrieval and generation ap...

Assessment of Liver Stiffness in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Using Shear Wave Elastography

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with progressive hepatic alterations, including steatosis and fibrosis, which may affect liver mechanical properties. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a non-invasive imaging technique that enables quantitative a...

The Perceived Contribution of Online Learning Environments to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Higher Education: A Field Study Using PLS-SEM

Higher education institutions face a dual imperative: expanding access while reducing their environmental and operational footprint. Grounded in Triple Bottom Line theory and the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) interlinkages framework, this study examines faculty and postgradu...

Western cut-offs for anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count misclassify Saudi women undergoing IVF: a retrospective cohort study and locally calibrated predictive model

Abstract Background Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) are routinely used to stratify women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), but virtually all widely cited cut-offs were derived in European or East-Asian cohorts. Women of Arabian Peninsula ancest...

Protective Effects of Prenatal Bacopa monnieri Extract Against Valproic Acid-Induced Autism-like Behavioral and Neurohistological Alterations in Mice

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behaviors. Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to the neuro-degeneration and behavioral abnormalities associated with ASD. B...

Circulating Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4α is Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction and Hepatic Remodeling in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: An Immunomorphometric Study

Metabolic syndrome (MS) driven by excessive dietary fructose is associated with progressive hepatic injury including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α), a master transcriptional regulator of hepatic metabolism, is typically down...

Lipid accumulation product (LAP): a key indicator for metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory status in obesity

The Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) is recognized as an indicator of lipid-induced cellular stress. While its predictive value for conditions like diabetes, liver disease, and metabolic syndrome is established, its specific correlations with individual metabolic and hematologica...

Spatially-integrated Ancestry Polygenic Risk Mapping for Diabetes: A Geographic-adjusted Genetic Scoring Framework

Abstract Background: Conventional polygenic risk scores (PRSs) often fail to capture geographic and ancestry-specific variation, limiting their predictive accuracy in admixed and globally diverse populations. This study aims to develop a spatially-aware PRS (SA-PRS) framework tha...

A fixed-time fault-tolerant tracking control for fractional-order UAV networks using adaptive fuzzy neural and event-triggered mechanisms

Abstract This paper investigates coordinated tracking control for fractional-order fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks subject to actuator faults, input saturation, unknown nonlinear dynamics, external disturbances, and communication constraints. A dynamic memory ev...

Lean GLASS: Efficient Edge-Deployable Visual Anomaly Detection with a MobileNetV2 Backbone and Learnable Feature-Stream Gating

Visual anomaly detection has achieved very high accuracy on standard benchmarks, yet state-of-the-art synthesis-based detectors such as GLASS rely on heavy backbones (e.g., WideResNet-50) that are ill-suited for deployment on resource-constrained edge platforms. This study invest...

Interpretable integration of CITE-seq RNA and ADT profiles without explicit modality-weight tuning via tensor decomposition-based unsupervised feature extraction

CITE-seq jointly profiles cellular transcripts and surface proteins, but RNA and ADT modalities differ markedly in dimensionality, sparsity, and noise characteristics. We applied tensor-decomposition-based unsupervised feature extraction to paired CITE-seq data by constructing a...

Defining Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis in Routine Care: Comparative Performance of Published Criteria and Description of Early and Late D2T-RA Phenotypes

Objectives Despite advances in treat-to-target strategies, a subset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients remains refractory to therapy, described as difficult-to-treat RA (D2T-RA). The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) has proposed formal criteria for D2...

Reconstructing the Concept of the Poets’ Fuḥūlah in Arabic Literary Criticism: An Analytical Reading of Abdullah Al-Maṭānī’s Critical Vision

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة قضية فحولة الشعراء في النقد العربي القديم من خلال تحليل رؤية الدكتور عبد اللّه المعطاني، والكشف عن منهجه في إعادة بناء هذا المصطلح النقدي في ضوء المناهج النقدية الحديثة. وينطلق البحث من تتبع الأصول اللغوية والاصطلاحية لمفهوم الفحولة، واستقراء تطوره في الم...

Integrated Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Approaches Reveal Potential Antimicrobial Metabolites from Echinoderms, Holothuria scabra

The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens has created an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents. Marine organisms are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites with therapeutic potential, and the sea cucumber H. scabra contains numerous se...